106 – CT8899 – ARIA 42 STUDIO SRL

Autori principali: arh. Cerasella CRĂCIUN

Coautori: arh. Alexandru Radu ION, urb. peis. Codruț PAPINA, arh. Andrei MOFLEA, arh. Gabriela ȘOPTĂREANU, arh. Timur MIHĂILESCU

Colaboratori arhitectură: arh. Andrei NIȚU, arh. Mihai DOBRE, arh. Ioana VELESCU

Implementation Stage Strategy is correlation with the two areas of the park (A and B) and will be developed in two distinct implementation stages, in relation to the main infrastructural networks developed through the Urban Zonal Plan: Regeneration and Urban Revitalization Zone DN3C.

The Management Plan was correlated with the planting standards and involves:

• landscape planning in relation to the development of the existing area, as well as the future one  

• compliance with legislation and rules, which will eliminate possible dysfunctions and ensure adequate conditions for the growth and development of vegetation in situ

• the use of advanced planting standards, applied differently

• plantations capable of contributing immediately after implementation to the improvement of the local microclimate and the elimination of the heat island in the future were generated

• for areas with less intensive use, vegetation with lower standards will be used

• the evaluation of the optimal planting density of tree species in urban plantations was carried out according to the following criteria: composition, park interior-exterior relationship, aesthetic perception/architectural, urban and artistic appearance, decorative condition, implementation and maintenance

• the planting rates of trees and shrubs were developed differentiated by types of vegetation, taking into account their functional purpose, aesthetics and the relationship with the urban-architectural area

• the correlation with the respective climatic and pedological zone, took into account:

– current trends in the development of landscape architecture, including possible local pests or those that may appear in the future

– progressive layout techniques

– the structure on successive volumetric masses of the plantation landscape

– the correct ratio of trees/shrubs/meadows in plantations

– the planting material, correlated with the basic principles of the selection and combination of trees and shrubs.

• the density of planting was defined as the number of trees and shrubs planted per unit of ecological territory, the area occupied exclusively by green spaces: trees, shrubs, meadows, lawns and floral mini-areas

• for areas with extremely complex specific conditions (flooding, exposed to prevailing wind), correction factors were introduced

• the optimal planting rates for trees and shrubs were made taking into account the principle of development of green space in time and space.

• when determining the density of plant placement, the nature of age changes in habitus and the appearance of trees and shrubs were taken into account.

• the development of the area, including the construction of mineral areas, platforms, squares and pavilions, as well as the planting of green spaces, is carried out in accordance with certain sanitary standards that regulate various technological aspects:

– the optimal distance between plants, to ensure their development

– rules for planting trees and alignment with mineral areas (circulations, fences/enclosures/boundaries or constructions)

– economic rules, maintenance and efficient maintenance

• the share of tree plantations, through the projection on the ground of the crowns of the tree plantations at the end of the installation phase (after approx. 10 years from the implementation) = it will be min. 30% of the park area

• the permeability index for rainwater management will be taken into account, as follows:

– without impermeability – lawns, meadows, areas with vegetation

– semi-permeable (50%) – pavements with large spaces or ecological with lawn and grid type system, porous/permeable pavements, gravel beds,

– waterproof (67%) – paving placed on sand bed

– totally waterproof (100%) – asphalt, paving on mortar bed, mineral areas, constructions

• as a general strategy, species with a large leaf volume will be planted and no more than 20% of a single species will be planted

• if in the park, combined with the planted area in the vicinity or which will be planted in the future, there will be more than 20% of the same species, the elements that make up the vegetation population will be progressively reduced, and the area will become resilient to possible changes/diseases/pests that strongly attack the respective species

• the proposed differentiation at the level of planting standards contributes to the formation of landscape-environmental images close to those specific to natural areas (vegetation develops in different stages and not simultaneously)

• the function/activity will be correlated with the type of vegetation chosen (category, essence, species, shape, foliage, height, crown/root diameter, number of transplants, container size, etc. – as the case may be)

• it is proposed to generate a main planted green massive with an eco-sustainable and biological reservoir role, of the forest-park type and with the role of a fauna protection plantation, following the examples already successfully installed in the area (the plant palette of the forest body in Kogălniceanu Commune, Constanta City)

• the optimal planting density was calculated for plantations in the age range from 20 to 25 years, that is, during the period of stable plantings.

• the time since planting (between 12-16 years) is characterized by intensive growth and development for most species, by the gradual formation/growth of crowns, when the vegetation is not yet dense enough.

• the following age range (20-35 years) is the period of maturity, when the density is optimal

• the aging period of plantations (50-70 years) can be marked by too high plant density, for which it is advisable to apply corrections in order not to cause mutual problems between specimens

• for the optimal development of green spaces required:

– to ensure suitable conditions for planting, including between specimens, the distance between trees of approx. 2-3 m, and between trees of approx. 1-2 m, depending on the species and typology.

– the distance between tree trunks and fences or building walls is at least 5 m for trees and at least 1.5 m for shrubs

– the rules for planting trees and shrubs next to the roadway are at least 1.5m for shrubs and at least 2.5-3m for trees (which ensures the avoidance of negative consequences in the event of a fire or other emergency situations

– trees are planted at least 2 m from technical-building pipes (gas, electric, etc.)

• the planting rates of trees and shrubs in the park, constituted in massives, alignments or thematic gardens, were determined separately by functional areas/sub-areas and by activities:

– the planting of trees in the predominantly anthropogenic/mineral areas per 1 ha is 90-150 pcs. /120-170 pcs/180-220 pcs, depending on the area, and the ratio of trees and shrubs in these conditions varies from 1:10 to 1:20.

– in the natural/wild areas of the park, the number of trees and shrubs is determined by compositional decisions, being characterized by the predominance of massifs and dense groups of trees and shrubs, the planting density is higher than the previous one of approx. 170-250/280-350 /350-420 (units/ha), and the ratio of trees and shrubs under these conditions is 1:4 – 1:6.

– for the creation of densely/compacted planted paths/areas, mainly tree saplings from group I are used with their planting at approx. 5.5m (400 pcs/ha), and those from group II at approx. 6.8m (230 pcs/ha) , while the sunny, open landscapes have trees at a rate of 50 pcs/ha.

– for sports areas, the calculation of the necessary planting materials is 100-170 trees/1 ha, and the planting rate in natural areas varies slightly, in the ratio of trees and shrubs of 1:4 – 1:6, through seedlings from the group II (75%).

– for green areas with a protective role, tree species will be planted at a distance of 5-6 m, with a tree planting rate of 730-1100 pcs/ha.

– for the green alignment of the streets bordering or adjacent to the park, green strips of approx. 3-4 m wide, with a distance of 4-6 m between trees (depending on the area), are proposed for 1 ha of green area, with approx. 280 -440 trees, and the number of shrubs varies depending on the area (1: 3, 1: 4), through group I seedlings (95%).

The irrigation system involves:

• it will be carried out with solutions adapted to a balanced management budget, mainly providing solutions to accompany the plantations for the period of installation of the elements that enter the plant composition, respectively:

– sprinkler irrigation

– drip irrigation with fixed systems

– drip irrigation with slow release watering bags

– application of watering rules with mobile systems

• permanent irrigation solutions will be used only in specific cases, on small areas (for the maintenance of mini-grass lawns or of floral accents located on accesses or in the case of installing collections of plants with a predominantly decorative role – rosary-type rose garden)

The conditions of maintenance involve:

• the mineral areas will be realized taking into account durable, permeable materials, resistant to the deformations caused by freezing and thawing and which do not degrade the natural soil component
• low-maintenance finishes are proposed, with a colour palette and texture determined by the changes in plant material from one season to another
• urban furniture, installations and play/fitness equipment, etc., will be made of durable materials, with neutral, natural textures and colours, from ceo-sustainable materials and with non-allergenic finishes to ensure protection and safety in operation

The MANAGEMENT PROCESS of the park involves ensuring:

• the protection of the natural environment and ecological, cultural and aesthetic diversity, within the palette of plant species, with a role including in the prevention of epidemiological risks
• urban comfort, minimization of the heat island and improvement of climatic changes (through leaf volume, shading capacity, purification, cooling, spatial management)
• the dynamics of the landscape, through the permanent evolution of the vegetation from planting to stabilization/maturation and the transformations along the cycle of the seasons
• and the prevention of climate risks
• cost-benefit balance (implementation/execution, maintenance/maintenance)